Nutritional testing of pine mushrooms

The methods of pine mushroom nutrition testing involve multiple aspects, aiming to comprehensively evaluate its nutritional components and bioactive substances. The following are some common methods for pine mushroom nutrition testing:

1. Sample preparation and pretreatment
Collection and preservation: Collect fresh pine mushroom samples from a suitable growth environment and ensure that the samples are not contaminated during collection, transportation, and storage.
Washing and drying: Wash the collected pine mushroom samples to remove impurities and soil on the surface, and then dry them for subsequent crushing and testing.
Crushing and sieving: Crush the dried pine mushroom samples to a particle size suitable for testing, and remove larger particles by sieving.
2. Conventional nutrient component testing
Moisture detection: Use the drying method or weight method to determine the moisture content in pine mushrooms by measuring the mass change of the sample before and after drying.
Ash content detection: Use the burning weight method to burn the sample at high temperatures to constant weight to determine the ash content, which reflects the content of inorganic matter in pine mushrooms.
Crude fat content detection: Use the Soxhlet extraction method to extract the fat in the sample using a solvent, and determine the fat content by weighing.
Crude protein content detection: Use the micro Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the protein content by measuring the nitrogen content in the sample.
Crude fiber content detection: Use the weight method to remove the soluble substances in the sample through specific chemical treatment, and then determine the remaining fiber content.
III. Mineral and trace element detection
Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the content of various minerals and trace elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in pine mushrooms can be determined.

IV. Vitamin detection
Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, the content of water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B group (such as vitamin B1, B2, B6, etc.) and vitamin C in pine mushrooms can be determined.

V. Amino acid detection
After the protein is hydrolyzed with acid and separated by an ion exchange column, it reacts with a ninhydrin color reaction, and the content is determined by the spectrophotometric detector. The content of various amino acids in pine mushrooms can be determined, including essential amino acids for the human body.

VI. Bioactive Substance Detection
Polysaccharide detection: Use sulfuric acid to hydrolyze into monosaccharides, dehydrate, and react with phenol to measure absorbance, and compare with the standard curve for quantitative determination of the polysaccharide content in pine mushrooms. Polysaccharides are important bioactive substances in pine mushrooms, and they have biological activities such as enhancing immunity and being anti-tumor.
Antioxidant detection: Chemical analysis methods or electrochemical analyzers can be used to determine the antioxidant activity in pine mushrooms and evaluate their antioxidant capacity.
VII. Microbial and safety detection
Total colony count detection: The total number of microorganisms in pine mushrooms is determined by culture or microscopic observation to evaluate their sanitary quality.
Heavy metal detection: Atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry can be used to determine the content of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury in pine mushrooms to ensure their safety.
Pesticide residue detection: Gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can be used to determine whether there are pesticide components remaining in pine mushrooms to ensure food safety.
8. Testing process and quality control
Testing process: Sample processing, nutrient component testing, bioactive substance testing, and microbial and safety testing are carried out step by step according to the above method.
Quality control: During the testing process, the experimental conditions should be strictly controlled to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. At the same time, the test results are reviewed and verified to ensure the accuracy of the test results.
In summary, the methods of pine mushroom nutrition testing involve many aspects, including sample preparation and pretreatment, conventional nutrient component testing, mineral and trace element testing, vitamin testing, amino acid testing, bioactive substance testing, and microbial and safety testing.