Vanilla detection

Selection and planning of cultivation techniques for establishing plantations: It is necessary to choose slightly acidic soil that is close to water sources and has good drainage, high organic matter content, and is relatively fertile and loose; Strong winds (typhoons, strong winds) have good barriers in the main wind direction. For sunny gentle slopes or flat areas with relatively calm winds, there should be a main windbreak belt every 30 acres and a secondary windbreak belt every 6 acres. The establishment of a shading system: Vanilla is a vine plant that requires props to climb and moderate shading. The measurement results show that a shading degree of 50% -70% is conducive to the growth and development of Vanilla. There are two types of shade, one is shade, which is achieved by constructing artificial shade sheds (using shading nets) to control the degree of shade. This method requires the use of cement or stone columns as pillars for vanilla trellis or climbing. Another type is active shade; Natural trees or artificially planted crops such as coconuts and betel nuts can be selected as living pillars to control the crown of the living pillars and adjust the shade of the plantation. [2] Planting vanilla during the season with higher temperatures is beneficial for rooting and germination. The suitable planting seasons for tropical areas in southern China are April May and September October. The seedlings are disinfected using strong vine incisions ranging from 0.5 meters to 1.0 meters in length. When planting, use your fingers to draw a shallow groove of 2 centimeters to 3 centimeters on both sides of the climbing column. Place the seedlings flat in the shallow groove and cover them with 1 centimeter to 2 centimeters of coconut bran, weed leaves, straw, and other coverings. The top of the seedlings points towards the climbing column, exposing the leaves and a stem node at the incision to prevent rotten seedlings. The top of the vine is gently fixed to the climbing column with a thin rope, so that it can grow by aerial roots. Reasonable dense planting is beneficial for increasing yield per unit area. The suitable spacing between plants is 1.2 meters X 1.6 meters, with double seedling planting of about 600 plants per acre. When planted as a flower, dense planting can reach over 1000 plants. [2] The root system of vanilla is mainly concentrated on the surface layer of soil with a thickness of 5 centimeters. Covering the rhizosphere with coconut husk, rice straw, or weeds is beneficial for the growth and development of vanilla. [2] Field management of water and fertilizer: Vanilla's requirements for water and humidity conditions vary depending on its growth period. During the vegetative growth period, high humidity should be maintained, while during the reproductive growth period, it should be relatively dry, which is beneficial for flower bud differentiation and results in rapid pod growth after pollination. During the high temperature season, the water supply should be increased to promote the growth of fruit pods. During the mature stage of fruit pods, it should also be relatively dry, which is conducive to their maturation. Moderate fertilization is beneficial for vanilla. 5-6 times a year, it is necessary to apply decomposed organic fertilizer (25%+74% cow manure+1% superphosphate in pond mud or topsoil) or other agricultural fertilizers that have undergone harmless treatment. The amount of fertilization depends on the soil fertility. The root dressing of vanilla also has a good effect, usually 2-3 times a month. Binding and pruning: After planting, the newly grown vines should be tied to the pillars with ropes in a timely manner to make them climb upwards. After reaching the climbing frame, they should be wrapped around iron wires, showing circular growth. Generally, in late November or early December of each year, mature vanilla orchards are comprehensively pruned to remove old and weak vines. At the same time, 4-5 stem nodes at the top of the stem are removed, with a length of about 40-50 centimeters. The sprouts within 30-45 days after topping are promptly and comprehensively removed to control plant nutritional growth, induce flower bud differentiation, and promote flower bud germination. Weeding, furrowing, and field cleaning: generally once a month. Pruning of shade trees and management of windbreaks. [2] Artificial pollination is the flowering period of vanilla in tropical regions from mid to late March to late May. Due to its unique structure, the natural pollination rate of vanilla flowers is only about 1-3%, so artificial pollination is necessary to set pods. Vanilla flowers begin to bloom around 5:00 in the morning and close at 12:00 noon. So pollination should be completed between 6:00 and 12:00 on the same day, preferably before 11:00 am on the same day. The pollination method is simple, easy to learn, and easy to master. Skilled workers can teach around 1000-1500 flowers per person per day, and the success rate of manual pollination can reach over 94%. [2]

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