Solanaceae Vegetable Testing

The detection methods of Solanaceae vegetables mainly cover the detection of pesticide residues, heavy metals, microorganisms, appearance, and sensory aspects. The following is a detailed summary of these detection methods:

1. Pesticide residue detection
Detection methods:
Gas chromatography (GC): Using gas as the mobile phase, the detection is carried out by the difference in separation time of different substances in the chromatographic column. It is suitable for detecting volatile and thermally stable pesticides, such as organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides.
Liquid chromatography (LC): Using liquid as the mobile phase, the substances are separated and detected through the interaction between the liquid and the solid stationary phase. It is suitable for detecting pesticides that are not easy to volatilize, especially pesticide residues with high polarity.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS): Combining gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography separates the components in the mixture, and the mass spectrometer detects and qualifies each component. It has higher sensitivity and accuracy, especially suitable for the detection of complex samples.
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS): Combining liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, it is suitable for detecting pesticide residues with high polarity and low volatility. It has advantages in the detection of organophosphorus, organochlorine, and carbamate pesticides.
Enzyme inhibition method: It is mainly used for rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. It has the characteristics of rapidity, sensitivity, simple operation, and low cost.
Detection steps:
Sample collection: Collect a certain amount of samples from the Solanaceae vegetables to be tested to ensure that the samples are representative.
Sample processing: Pre-process the collected samples, including extraction, purification, etc., to extract the pesticide residues and remove interfering substances.
Detection operation: According to the selected detection method, the treated samples are introduced into the instrument for detection.
Result analysis: After the detection is completed, the detection system will generate data, including the concentration and peak area of ​​the pesticide. By comparing with the standard, the residual amount of each type of pesticide in the sample is determined.
2. Heavy metal detection
Detection method:
Atomic absorption spectrometry: Determine the content of the element to be tested in the sample by measuring the absorption intensity of specific light.
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS): After the elements in the sample are ionized, they are separated and detected by a mass spectrometer, which has high sensitivity and the ability to detect multiple elements simultaneously.
Detection steps:
Sample preparation: The Solanaceae vegetable samples are properly treated, such as digestion, to extract the heavy metal elements.
Instrument detection: Use an atomic absorption spectrometer or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer for detection.
Result analysis: According to the test data, determine the content of heavy metal elements in the sample and evaluate whether it meets the safety standards.
3. Microbial detection
Detection method:
Microbial culture method: Detect the type and quantity of microorganisms by culturing, isolating, and identifying them.
Molecular biology methods: Such as multiplex PCR technology, can quickly and accurately detect a variety of pathogens.
Detection steps:
Sample collection and processing: Collect samples from Solanaceae vegetables and perform appropriate processing, such as homogenization, to facilitate the detection of microorganisms.
Microbial culture and isolation: Inoculate the treated sample on an appropriate culture medium, culture, and isolate the microorganisms.
Identification and counting: Identify and count the isolated microorganisms to determine their types and quantities.
IV. Appearance and sensory index detection
Detection method:
Visual inspection: Observe the appearance characteristics of Solanaceae vegetables, such as color, shape, glossiness, etc. with the naked eye.
Hand touch method: Evaluate the hardness, smoothness, etc. of Solanaceae vegetables by touching the surface of Solanaceae vegetables.
Detection steps:
Sample preparation: Clean and treat the Solanaceae vegetable samples properly for easy observation.
Visual inspection and hand touch: Observe and evaluate the samples using visual inspection and hand touch methods.
Result recording: Record the observation results and score or judge according to relevant standards.
In summary, the detection methods of Solanaceae vegetables involve multiple aspects, including pesticide residues, heavy metals, microorganisms, appearance, and sensory. Through scientific detection methods and processes, the quality and safety of Solanaceae vegetables can be ensured, and healthy and safe food can be provided to consumers.