Physical and chemical parameter testing of starch and starch products

Starch is a high molecular weight carbohydrate, a polysaccharide formed by the polymerization of glucose molecules. Its basic unit of composition is α- D-glucopyranose, molecular formula (C6H10O5) n. There are two types of starch: amylose and amylopectin. The former is a spiral structure without branches; The latter consists of 24-30 glucose residues α- The 1,4-glycosidic bond is formed by connecting the end to end, and at the branch chain, it is α- 1,6-glycosidic bonds. Starch is a high molecular weight carbohydrate, a polysaccharide composed of a single type of sugar unit. The basic constituent units of starch are α- D-glucopyranose, a covalent polymer formed by the removal of water molecules from glucose and its connection through glycosidic bonds, is starch molecule. Starch belongs to polydextrose, and the molecular formula of free glucose is represented by C6H12O6. After dehydration, the glucose unit is C6H10O5. Therefore, the starch molecule can be written as (C6H10O5) n, where n is an indefinite number. The number of structural monomers (dehydrated glucose units) that make up starch molecules is called degree of polymerization, expressed as DP. Starch is divided into amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is D-hexacyclic glucose α- 1,4-glycosidic linkage composition; The branching position of amylopectin is α- 1,6-glycosidic bonds, others are α- 1,4 glycosidic bonds. Amylose starch contains hundreds of glucose units, while branched starch contains thousands of glucose units. In natural starch, straight chain starch accounts for 20% to 26%, which is soluble, while the rest is branched chain starch. One end of an amylose molecule is a non reducing end group, and the other end is a reducing end group, while a branched starch molecule has one reducing end group and many non reducing end groups; When using iodine solution for detection, the amylose solution shows a dark blue color with an iodine absorption rate of 19% to 20%, while the branched starch turns purple red when in contact with iodine, with an iodine absorption rate of 1%

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